109 research outputs found
Single-photon nonlinear optics with Kerr-type nanostructured materials
We employ a quantum theory of the nonlinear optical response from an actual
solid-state material possessing an intrinsic bulk contribution to the
third-order nonlinear susceptibility (Kerr-type nonlinearity), which can be
arbitrarily nanostructured to achieve diffraction-limited electromagnetic field
confinement. By calculating the zero-time delay second-order correlation of the
cavity field, we set the conditions for using semiconductor or insulating
materials with near-infrared energy gaps as efficient means to obtain
single-photon nonlinear behavior in prospective solid-state integrated devices,
alternative to ideal sources of quantum radiation such as, e.g., single
two-level emitters.Comment: 5 pages, three figure
Unconventional photon blockade in doubly resonant microcavities with second-order nonlinearity
It is shown that non-centrosymmetric materials with bulk second-order
nonlinear susceptibility can be used to generate strongly antibunched radiation
at an arbitrary wavelength, solely determined by the resonant behavior of
suitably engineered coupled microcavities. The proposed scheme exploits the
unconventional photon blockade of a coherent driving field at the input of a
coupled cavity system, where one of the two cavities is engineered to resonate
at both fundamental and second harmonic frequencies, respectively. Remarkably,
the unconventional blockade mechanism occurs with reasonably low quality
factors at both harmonics, and does not require a sharp doubly-resonant
condition for the second cavity, thus proving its feasibility with current
semiconductor technology
Topological aspects in the photonic crystal analog of single-particle transport in quantum Hall systems
We present a perturbative approach to derive the semiclassical equations of
motion for the two-dimensional electron dynamics under the simultaneous
presence of static electric and magnetic fields, where the quantized Hall
conductance is known to be directly related to the topological properties of
translationally invariant magnetic Bloch bands. In close analogy to this
approach, we develop a perturbative theory of two-dimensional photonic
transport in gyrotropic photonic crystals to mimic the physics of quantum Hall
systems. We show that a suitable permittivity grading of a gyrotropic photonic
crystal is able to simulate the simultaneous presence of analog electric and
magnetic field forces for photons, and we rigorously derive the
topology-related term in the equation for the electromagnetic energy velocity
that is formally equivalent to the electronic case. A possible experimental
configuration is proposed to observe a bulk photonic analog to the quantum Hall
physics in graded gyromagnetic photonic crystals.Comment: to be published in Phys Rev
Visible quantum plasmonics from metallic nanodimers
We report theoretical evidence that bulk nonlinear materials weakly
interacting with highly localized plasmonic modes in ultra-sub-wavelength
metallic nanostructures can lead to nonlinear effects at the single plasmon
level in the visible range. In particular, the two-plasmon interaction energy
in such systems is numerically estimated to be comparable with the typical
plasmon linewidths. Localized surface plasmons are thus predicted to exhibit a
purely nonclassical behavior, which can be clearly identified by a
sub-Poissonian second-order correlation in the signal scattered from the
quantized plasmonic field under coherent electromagnetic excitation. We
explicitly show that systems sensitive to single-plasmon scattering can be
experimentally realized by combining electromagnetic confinement in the
interstitial region of gold nanodimers with local infiltration or deposition of
ordinary nonlinear materials. We also propose configurations that could allow
to realistically detect such an effect with state-of-the-art technology,
overcoming the limitations imposed by the short plasmonic lifetime
Optimal efficiency of the Q-cycle mechanism around physiological temperatures from an open quantum systems approach
The Q-cycle mechanism entering the electron and proton transport chain in
oxygenic photosynthesis is an example of how biological processes can be
efficiently investigated with elementary microscopic models. Here we address
the problem of energy transport across the cellular membrane from an open
quantum system theoretical perspective. We model the cytochrome protein
complex under cyclic electron flow conditions starting from a simplified
kinetic model, which is hereby revisited in terms of a quantum master equation
formulation and spin-boson Hamiltonian treatment. We apply this model to
theoretically demonstrate an optimal thermodynamic efficiency of the Q-cycle
around ambient and physiologically relevant temperature conditions.
Furthermore, we determine the quantum yield of this complex biochemical process
after setting the electrochemical potentials to values well established in the
literature. The present work suggests that the theory of quantum open systems
can successfully push forward our theoretical understanding of complex
biological systems working close to the quantum/classical boundary.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Pre-submission manuscript, see Journal Reference
for the final versio
Analog Hawking radiation from an acoustic black hole in a flowing polariton superfluid
We theoretically study Hawking radiation processes from an analog acoustic
black hole in a flowing superfluid of exciton-polaritons in a one-dimensional
semiconductor microcavity. Polaritons are coherently injected into the
microcavity by a laser pump with a suitably tailored spot profile. An event
horizon with a large analog surface gravity is created by inserting a defect in
the polariton flow along the cavity plane. Experimentally observable signatures
of the analog Hawking radiation are identified in the scattering of phonon
wavepackets off the horizon, as well as in the spatial correlation pattern of
quantum fluctuations of the polariton density. The potential of these table-top
optical systems as analog models of gravitational physics is quantitatively
confirmed by numerical calculations using realistic parameters for
state-of-the-art devices
Single-photon blockade in doubly resonant nanocavities with second-order nonlinearity
We propose the use of nanostructured photonic nanocavities made of chi((2)) nonlinear materials as prospective passive devices to generate strongly sub-Poissonian light via single-photon blockade of an input coherent field. The simplest scheme is based on the requirement that the nanocavity be doubly resonant, i.e., possess cavity modes with good spatial overlap at both the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies. We discuss the feasibility of this scheme with state-of-the art nanofabrication technology and the possibility to use it as a passive single-photon source on demand
Cooperativity of a few quantum emitters in a single-mode cavity
We theoretically investigate the emission properties of a single-mode cavity
coupled to a mesoscopic number of incoherently pumped quantum emitters. We
propose an operational measure for the medium cooperativity, valid both in the
bad and in the good cavity regimes. We show that the opposite regimes of
subradiance and superradiance correspond to negative and positive
cooperativity, respectively. The lasing regime is shown to be characterized by
nonnegative cooperativity. In the bad cavity regime we show that the
cooperativity defines the transitions from subradiance to superradiance. In the
good cavity regime it helps to define the lasing threshold, also providing
distinguishable signatures indicating the lasing regime. Increasing the quality
of the cavity mode induces a crossover from the solely superradiant to the
lasing regime. Furthermore, we verify that lasing is manifested in a wide range
of positive cooperative behavior, showing that stimulated emission and
superradiance can coexist. The robustness of the cooperativity is studied with
respect to experimental imperfections, such as inhomogeneous broadening and
pure dephasing
The quantum optical Josephson interferometer
The interplay between coherent tunnel coupling and on-site interactions in
dissipation-free bosonic systems has lead to many spectacular observations,
ranging from the demonstration of number-phase uncertainty relation to quantum
phase transitions. To explore the effect of dissipation and coherent drive on
tunnel coupled interacting bosonic systems, we propose a device that is the
quantum optical analog of a Josephson interferometer. It consists of two
coherently driven linear optical cavities connected via a central cavity with a
single-photon nonlinearity. The Josephson-like oscillations in the light
emitted from the central cavity as a function of the phase difference between
two pumping fields can be suppressed by increasing the strength of the
nonlinear coupling. Remarkably, we find that in the limit of ultra-strong
interactions in the center-cavity, the coupled system maps on to an effective
Jaynes-Cummings system with a nonlinearity determined by the tunnel coupling
strength. In the limit of a single nonlinear cavity coupled to two linear
waveguides, the degree of photon antibunching from the nonlinear cavity
provides an excellent measure of the transition to the nonlinear regime where
Josephson oscillations are suppressed.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
The quantum optical Josephson interferometer
The interplay between coherent tunnel coupling and on-site interactions in
dissipation-free bosonic systems has lead to many spectacular observations,
ranging from the demonstration of number-phase uncertainty relation to quantum
phase transitions. To explore the effect of dissipation and coherent drive on
tunnel coupled interacting bosonic systems, we propose a device that is the
quantum optical analog of a Josephson interferometer. It consists of two
coherently driven linear optical cavities connected via a central cavity with a
single-photon nonlinearity. The Josephson-like oscillations in the light
emitted from the central cavity as a function of the phase difference between
two pumping fields can be suppressed by increasing the strength of the
nonlinear coupling. Remarkably, we find that in the limit of ultra-strong
interactions in the center-cavity, the coupled system maps on to an effective
Jaynes-Cummings system with a nonlinearity determined by the tunnel coupling
strength. In the limit of a single nonlinear cavity coupled to two linear
waveguides, the degree of photon antibunching from the nonlinear cavity
provides an excellent measure of the transition to the nonlinear regime where
Josephson oscillations are suppressed.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
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